| Healthy volunteers (n =10) | Diabetic patients (n = 31) | |
| Sex (F) | 2 (20%) | 6 (19%) |
| Age (year) | 54 ± 14 (29 - 73) | 52 ± 12 (23 - 76) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.9 ± 9.2 (20.7 - 48.0) | 29.5 ± 3.7 (24.6 - 41.2) |
| Smokers (n) | 2 (20%) | 7 (23%) |
| Diabetes type 1/2 | - | 4/27 |
| Duration of diabetes (year) | - | 15 ± 9 (1 - 32) |
| GER (%) | 50 ± 18 (21 - 76) † | 17 ± 19 (0 - 57) |
| Symptoms of gastroparesis | - | 14 (45%) |
| HbA1c (%) | - | 8.6 ± 1.5 (6.1 - 13.4) |
| Complications (n) | ||
| Retinopathy | - | 14 (45%) |
| Nephropathy | - | 9 (29%) |
| Peripheral neuropathy | - | 12 (39%) |
| Diabetic foot | - | 2 (6%) |
| History of IHD | - | 7 (23%) |